Hydraulic transmission



April 5, 1949. c. J. JENDRESEN HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Jan. 27, 1945 INVENTOR. cA/n J. JENDRESEN %A/ffl BY J 4 HTI'OPNEKApril 5, 1949. c. J. JENDRESEN HYDRAULI C TRANSMI S S ION Filed Jan. 27,1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

CARL J. JENDRE S E N P 1949- c. J. JENDRESEN 2,466,431

I I HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION Filed Jan.- 27, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 l w 9 IL l m 3O J MHHF 1| 1| I T g 6 F Y 7 Q i 8 as IN V EN TOR. CL J.JENDRESEN April 5, 1949. c. J. JENDRESEN HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION 4Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Filed Jan. 27, 1945 CARL J JENDRESEN firrof/vfn- Patented Apr. 5, 1949UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION Carl J. J endrcsen,Mission, Tex.

Application January'z'l, 1945, Serial No. 574,928

This invention relates to a torque transmitting device, and moreparticularly to a device of this type which is capable of transmittingtorque from a drive member to a driven member throughout wide ranges oftorques and driving ratios.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a device of the classdescribed which is simple in construction and which is readily adaptablefor use throughout a wide range of requirements and conditions.

Another object is to provide a fluid transmission which includes nesteddrive and driven members forming an enclosure within which fluid movesoutwardly under centrifugal force to effect a driving connection betweenthe members.

It is also an object to provide a fluid transmission in which aplurality of immiscible liquids of different specific gravities and/orviscosities may be utilized in a manner to satisfy numerous operatingrequirements.

A still further object is to provide a transmission in which the torquetransmitting fluid is admitted to the torque transmitting vanes in amanner that is controlled by the speed of the mechanism.

A still further object is to provide a fluid transmission which includestemperature control means for increasing or decreasing the tempera-Claims. (c1. 192-58) ture of the mechanism and the fluid containedtherein, as necessary to maintain desired viscosities of thetransmission fluid or fluids.

A still further object is to provide a fluid transmission includingmeans for effecting a positive interlock between the drive and drivenmembers.

Another object is to provide a fluid transmission in which no fluid sealis required between relatively movable parts thereof.

The foregoing objects, together with additional objects, will be morefully apparent from the following description .considered in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through one embodiment of theinvention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the fluid diverter of the temperaturecontrol means constituting an element of the device;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 44 in Fig.

Figs. 5 and 6 are horizontal sectional views in Fig. 1 taken on lines5-5 and 6-8, respectively;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to that shown in Fig. 1 and illustrates analternative embodiment;

Figs. 8 and 9 are horizontal sectional views taken on lines 88 and 9-9,respectively, of Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment of theinvention; and

Figs. 11 and 12 are sectional views taken on lines I III and I2--I2,respectively, of Fig. 10.

Each of the embodiments shown in the drawings includes an openframework, I comprising a base 2 and pillars 3 arranged about a commonaxis. The base 2 is provided with ears 4 having openings 5 therein toreceive fastening means such as bolts to secure the device in operatingposition. The top of the frame I is closed by intersecting arms Ii whichare secured to the pillars 3 by cap screws 1 after the rotating assemblyI5 is positioned within the framework. The centers of the top and bottomof the framework I are provided with bearing assemblies 8 and 9 torotatably support the assembly I5, which includes drive shaft Ill anddriven shaft II.

Attention is here directed to the fact that either the shaft II) or theshaft II may be used as the drive shaft, and the specific designationjust used is not intended to require in a given instance that the shaftIll shall be the drive shaft or that the shaft I I shall be the drivenshaft.

Referring to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, theassembly I5 includes nested conical outer and inner members I6 and I1,which are respectively attached to. the shafts II and I0 and which havetheir bases uppermost. The member I6 and associated shaft I I arejournaled in anti-friction bearing I8 in the bearing housing 9, and thethrust of the assembly is borne by the bearing I9 in this housing.

The shaft I0 is secured by keys 25 to a boss 26, which is in turnattached to the member I] through vanes 21, to which further referencewill be made. 'This shaft extends downwardly through an opening at thelower end of the member I1 and rotates in and upon journal and thrustbearings 3| within a recess in the bottom of the outer member I5. At theframe I this shaft is provided with suitable anti-friction bearingsindicated at 20.

It is intended that a single liquid, or a plurality of liquids havingdifferent specific gravities, shall be contained within the enclosure ofthe assembly I5. The term Liquid as used herein contemplates either asingle liquid or a plurality of liquids used in accordance with theinvention to obtain the desired operating 3 characteristic of thetransmission to satisfy requirements. It is also contemplated thatcomminuted materials may be used in the liquid to provide desiredspecific gravities, such materials being held in suspension as a part ofthe transmission liquid.

member l1. These vanes extend radially of the Y shaft II, and in thisembodiment are of the conflguration which is best seen in Fig. 2. Thelower portion II of each vane lies in a plane which passes through theaxis of the shaft ll. Thelo adjacent and upper portion of each vanecomprises ofl'set portions 29 whereby there is formed a cupped vaneconstruction designed to enhance the transmission of torque from thedrive to the driven members of the transmission.

Co-operating with the vanes 21 and having a similar conflguration arethe vanes 30 on the interior of the member I! and at the upper endthereof. The vanes 21 and 3| are, therefore, positioned in opposed andclosely spaced relation within the upper end of the assembly l5.

To facilitate the assembly of the rotatable unit II, the top It of theouter member it is a unitary cap construction having a peripheral flangell. when the inner member I1 is in place, as indicated in Fig. 1, theflange 36 engages a complementary flange 81 and the component portionsof the member it are then secured together by means of bolts II. Journaland thrust bearinls 2| between the member and 8 provide precisionalinement of the upper end of the member I and the associated elements.

The mode of operation of the structure thus far described is believedapparent. By way of further description anda summary of the operation,it will be pointed out that additional vanes II are also provided withinthe member it while similar vanes ii are provided in the member l'l sothat the tendency to create centrifugal force within the fluid isenhanced. As already indicated, rotation of either of these memberscauses the transmission fluid or fluids to move outwardly and upwardly,and it seems apparent that the entry of such fluids into the spaceoccupied by the vanes 21 and 3| will create a fluid transmission oftorque between the drive and the driven members It and i1.

' If a single fluid is used within the enclosure in and about the memberl1, this transmission of torque will increase with the speed of rotationas the liquid rises among these driving vanes," and such transmissionwill approach an interlock be- 4 action will be given at the higherspeeds. By utilizing proportioned amounts of selected transmissionfluids, various operating characteristics of the transmission may beobtained.

Ingress and egress of liquid to and from the interior of the innermember I! is provided by diverters il in openings in the bottom of thismember. These diverters are of the same construction as those used inthe temperature control system shown in detail in Pig. 3 and will bemore fully described hereinafter.-

In order to provide a positive interlock between the members It and II,the vanes 21 are cut away at 82 to provide space for a clutch mechanisma mounted on shaft II and having actuating pins 3i enga ed by a clutchoperating ring 34', which may be moved in a vertical direction bysuitable means .(not shown) to effect desired clutching I anddeclutching operations.

The foregoing description of the operation of vthe device assumes thatthe transmission fluid within the assembly I! is free to move outwardlyand upwardly under centrifugal force created by the rotation of eitheror both of the assembly a members l1 and ll. In order to providesuitable control of the fluid movement whereby the transmission oftorque can be controlled in a predetermined manner, damper or valvemechanisms are provided. To provide this feature, the inner surface ofthe members it and II are stepped internally at one or more points toprovide surfaces such as M, II and ll.

A damper or valving ring 40 seats upon'the surface 44 and is urgeddownwardly by means of 35 compression springs 41, of which the tensionis 40 It I.

tween the members at high speed. If, on the other hand, it is desired tohave a modified change in the torque transmission, immiscible liquidshaving different viscosities and different speciflc gravities may beplaced within the enclosure.

' The lighter of these liquids will assume an uppermost position andwill be moved outwardly and adjustable by means of tensioning screws II.The inner ends of these springs engage the upper arm of a bell cranklever I, and the other arm of such lever is operatively connected to thering It A similar structure is provided within the member I l and likeparts are identified by primed reference characters.

At the stepped surface it in the member it, where centrifugal force isgreater, an inwardly extending flange I8 is provided, there being aplurality of vertical openings 51 through this flange. These openingsare normally closed by valve members II, which are urged into sealin!position by a spring and lever construction of the type just describedin connection with the operation of rings and It. At or proximate thislevel the inner member l'l also has an inwardly extending flange Iprovided with openings l'l' controlled by a valve l! by a mechanism suchas that just described for valve II.

The operation as above set forth is modifled by the damping structures,just described, only ,by the controlled rate at which fluid is admittedfrom the lower portions of the enclosme ii to the vanes 21 and it by thespring loaded damping valves 4!, it, It and II.

The walls of the outer member it are provided with a plurality ofvertical passages ll. These passages terminate at their upper ends inprojections ti on the cap it and these projections enter an annularchamber in a fluidcollecting ring 02 mounted in the frame I. The lowerends of these passages terminate in projections 63, each of which isprovided with the diverter assembly ll comprising diverter ll. tiltableupon pivots I, as best seen'in Figs. 3 and 4. The structure of thediverter N is such that its center of gravity is below the pivots II andhence the passage 00 opens at both sides of the diverter. It is to benoted that the diverters l4 dip into an annular groove 88 in the bearinghousing 9, and that such groove communicates through a heat exchangemember Hi with the interior of the fluid collector ring 62. A coil IIsurrounds the member Ill and is adapted to provide circulation of afluid by means of which heat may be supplied to or abstracted from themember 10, to effect desired temperature control of a fluid passingthrough the latter.

When the assembly is is caused to rotate, the diverters tilt so that theforward ends, in the direction of rotation, move downwardly while theopposite ends of the diverters engage the seating surface 61. In thismanner a temperature control fluid within the annular space 68 isscooped up by the diverters to enter the passages 60. This fluid thenmoves upwardly under centrifugal force exerted thereon and is dischargedthrough the openings in the projections 6| into the annular chamber orcollecting ring 62. This fluid returns to the space 68 by way of theheat exchange member in which such heating or cooling of the liquid iseffected as is necessary to maintain the desired temperature conditionwithin the assembly I5.

The diverters 40 at the bottom of the inner member I1 operate in themanner just described and serve to provide a proper amount of liquid tothe interior of the member.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 7, similar to that above described,comprises opposed vanes 21' and 30 on the inner and outer rotatingmembers, respectively. Inasmuch as damper means is not provided in thisembodiment as shown in the drawings, the vanes 30' extend downwardlyalong the inner tapered walls of the member Hi. The lower portion of theinner member of this embodiment comprises a tapered, spiral fluidelevator 15, which supplements centrifugal force to lift thetransmission fluid within the outer member I6. This spiral elementserves to move fluid upwardly and to discharge the fluid outwardly forengagement with the portion of the vanes 30' extending downwardly alongthe inner walls of the member This embodiment of the invention is ofparticular utility where rotation in a given direction and apredetermined characteristic of driving torque are required.

This characteristic is also modified by the provision of an annularbaffle 16 (Fig. 8) between the fins 21' and at a predetermined distancefrom the outer ends of these fins. Because of limited clearance ofrelatively movable parts this bafile serves to control the rate at whichradial movement of transmission fluid takes place during acceleration inrotational speed of the assembly l5.

The outer member l6" of the embodiment shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 issimilar to that of the preceding embodiment, except that an internalupwardly extending sleeve 80 surrounds the shaft II and is adapted toreceive a complementary sleeve 8| in the member II, which is providedwith internal vanes 82. Openings 83 in the bottom of the inner memberll" permit movement of transmission fluid to and from the interior ofsuch member. and these openings may or may not, as desired, be providedwith diverters 40 as shown in Fig. 1. Rotation of either of the membersI6" and i1 causes movement of fluid upwardly and outwardly alon the flnsor vanes 30", 82 or both to the space within which the fins 30 and 21"are in closely opposed relation. The rate at which this fluid movesradially inwardly along the fins 2'!" is controlled by a barrier 18 inthe manner of the previously do scribed embodiment of Figs. 7, 8 and 9.

Broadly, the invention comprehends a transmission device having a widerange of transmission characteristics, whereby such transmission may bereadily adapted to satisfy a wide range of requirements and conditions.

The invention claimed is:

1. A transmission comprising an assembly including upwardly divergingnested driving and driven members forming an enclosure within theassembly, opposed driving vanes on said members proximate the upperperipheral portions thereof, a body of transmission fluid within theenclosure for movement by centrifugal force to enter said vanes andeffect a driving connection between the members, a radially extendingannular barrier in at least one of said members, and valving meansoperable by centrifugal force exerted thereon by said liquid to form aby-pass and control the rate of movement of transmission fluid upwardlypast said barrier to said driving vanes.

2. A transmission comprising an assembly including upwardly divergingnested driving and driven members forming an enclosure within theassembly, opposed driving vanes on said' members proximate the upperperipheral portions thereof, a body of transmission fluid within theenclosure for movement by centrifugal force to enter said vanes andeffect a driving connection between the members, a radially extendingannular barrier in at least one of said members, means for controllingthe rate of movement of transmission fluid upwardly past said barrier tosaid driving vanes, and additional means in the bottom of the innermember for controlling the rate of flow of fluid into and from theinterior of said inner member.

3. A transmission comprising an assembly including upwardly divergingnested driving and driven members forming an enclosure within theassembly, opposed driving vanes on said members proximate the upperperipheral portions thereof, a body of transmission fluid within theenclosure for movement by centrifugal force to enter said vanes andeffect a driving connection between the members, means for controllingthe'temperature of said assembly, said last mentioned means comprising astationary heat exchange unit, there being heat exchange ducts in atleast one of said nested members, and means operable by rotation of theassembly for circuating fluid through the ducts from the unit.

4. A transmission comprising an assembly including nested driving anddriven members, means forming a torque transmitting fluid connectionbetween said members, a heat exchanger, a plurality of fluid passages inone of said members and means operable by rotation of said member totransmit fluid from and to the heat exchanger through said passages.

5. In a device of the class described the combination comprising, a pairof nested conical transmission members forming an enclosure, 8.transmission fluid therein there being a passage for the transmissionfluid from the inner transmission member to the outer transmissionmember proximate the upper ends thereof, a peripheral seat in at leastone of said members, valving means engaging said seat and operable by apredetermined pressure thereon to admit fluid from the smaller to thelarger ends of the members, and means at the larger ends of thememberatorormetorquen-enlmlmfluldeon- Number nectlon from the fluidadmitted thereto by sold 1,914,618 velvinz means. 1 1,985,400 CARL J.JINDRESEN. 1,940,910 2,006,616 REFERENCES CITED 2.1, The followingreferences are of record in the 3,314,415 tile 01' this patent: 50,7

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